| A site | frameshift mutation | one gene - one protein hypothesis | signal-recognition particle |
| adenine | free ribosome | P site | small nuclear ribonucleoprotein |
| alternative RNA splicing | gene expression | peptide bond | small subunit |
| amino acid | genetic code | peptide bond formation | snRNP |
| aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase | guanine | point mutation | spiceosome |
| anticodon | hydrolytic enzyme | poly-A tail | start codon |
| bound ribosome | initiation | polypeptide | stop codon |
| codon | insertion | polyribosome | substitution |
| codon recognition | intervening sequence | posttranslational modification | TATA box |
| complementarity | intron | pre-mRNA | template strand |
| cytosine | large subunit | promoter | termination |
| cytosol | missense mutation | protein | terminator |
| deletion | mRNA | protein folding | thymine |
| DNA | mutagen | protein synthesis | transcription |
| domain | mutation | release factor | transcription initiation complex |
| E site | nonsense mutation | ribosomal subunit | transcription unit |
| elongation | nuclear envelope | ribosome | translation |
| endomembrane system | nucleotide base | ribozyme | translocation |
| endoplasmic reticulum | nucleotide cap | RNA | triplet |
| enzyme | nucleotide sequence | RNA polymerase | tRNA |
| exon | one gene - one enzyme hypothesis | rRNA | uracil |
| factor | one gene - one polypeptide hypothesis | signal peptide |