| Amino acid | Genetic code | Peptidyl-tRNA | Start codon |
| Aminoacyl-tRNA | Hemoglobin | Polypeptide | Stop codon |
| Codon | Initiation | Protein | Template strand |
| Complementarity | Large subunit | Redundant | Termination |
| DNA | mRNA | Release factor | Transcription |
| Elongation | Mutation | Ribosome | Translation |
| GDP | Nitrogenous base | RNA | Triplet |
| Gene | Non-ambiguous | Sickle cell disease | tRNA |
| Gene expression | Nucleic acid | Small subunit | Universality |