Chapter 9: Muscular System

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A-band

acetylcholine

acetylcholinesterase

actin myofilament

action potential

active site

active transport

adenosine diphosphate

adenosine triphosphate

ADP

aerobic

aerobic respiration

anaerobic

anaerobic respiration

arrector pili

ATP

ATPase

autorhythmic

axon

binding

Ca2+

Na+

K+

calcium ion channel

capillary

cardiac muscle

caveolus

charge

ciliary muscle

complete tetanus

concentric contraction

conformational change

contractility

contraction

creatine

creatine phosphate

cross-bridge

cytosol

dense area

dense body

depolarization

eccentric contraction

elastic

elasticity

electrochemical

endomysium

energy

epimysium

excitability

excitation-contraction coupling

exercise metabolism

exocytotic release

extensibility

external lamina

F-actin

fasciculus

fast twitch fiber

fatigue

frequency

frequency of stimulation

G-actin

gap junctions

gated channel

glucose

glycogen

graded

hierarchical structure

high oxidative fiber

horripilation

H-zone

I-band

incomplete tetanus

innervation

intercalated disks

invagination

involuntary

isometric contraction

isotonic contraction

lactic acid

length vs. tension

ligand-gated channel

longitudinal

low oxidative fiber

maximal stimulus

membrane potential

membrane-bound

millivolt

mitochondrion

M-line

monomer

mononucleate

motor end pate

motor neuron

motor unit

multinucleate

multiple motor unit summation

multiple wave summation

multiunit smooth muscle

muscle tone

muscle type

muscular fatigue

muscular system

myoblast

myofiber

myofibril

myofilament

myoglobin

myosin head

myosin myofilament

neuromuscular junction

neuron

non-autorhythmic

nonstriated

optimal length

oxygen debt

perimysium

peristalsis

phosphate

physiological contracture

plasma membrane

polymer

postsynaptic membrane

posture

potassium ion channel

power stroke

presynaptic terminal

propagation

psychological fatigue

recovery stroke

recruitment

relaxation

repolarization

resting membrane potential

rigor mortis

sarcolemma

sarcomere

sarcoplasm

sarcoplasmic reticulum

skeletal muscle

sliding filament model

slow twitch fiber

smooth muscle

sodium ion channel

spindle-shaped

stimulus strength

strength of contraction

striated

submaximal stimulus

subthreshold stimulus

subunit

supramaximal stimulus

synaptic fatigue

synapse

synaptic cleft

syncytium

synthesis

tension

terminal cisterna

thermogenesis

threshold potential

threshold stimulus

transverse tubule

triad

tropomyosin

troponin

type I fiber

type II fiber

type IIa fiber

vesicle

vesicular

voltage-gated channel

voluntary

whole muscle

whole muscle contraction

Z-disk